stjórnarskráa

Stjórnarskrá is the Icelandic word for constitution. It is the fundamental law of Iceland, outlining the structure of government, the rights and responsibilities of citizens, and the limits of state power. The current constitution of Iceland was adopted in 1944, with subsequent amendments. It establishes Iceland as a parliamentary republic with a president as the head of state.

The constitution divides governmental power among three branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. The Althing is the parliament, responsible for enacting laws. The government, led by the Prime Minister, forms the executive branch, carrying out laws and administering the country. The judiciary, independent of the other branches, interprets the law and administers justice.

Key principles enshrined in the Icelandic constitution include the separation of powers, the rule of law, and the protection of fundamental human rights. These rights encompass freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, and equality before the law. Amendments to the constitution require a supermajority in the Althing and a subsequent referendum. The stjórnarskrá serves as the bedrock of Icelandic democracy and legal order.