stereografická

Stereografické refers to stereographic projection, a method of projecting points on the surface of a sphere onto a plane. Imagine a sphere and a plane tangent to it at a point, often called the south pole. Any point on the sphere, other than the tangent point, can be projected onto the plane by drawing a straight line from the opposite pole (the north pole) through that point and intersecting the plane.

This projection has the unique property of preserving angles. This means that if two curves on the sphere intersect at a certain angle, their projected images on the plane will intersect at the same angle. This angle-preserving characteristic makes stereographic projection a conformal map.

Stereographic projection is widely used in various fields. In cartography, it's employed to create maps of polar regions. In complex analysis, it's fundamental for understanding the Riemann sphere, which allows for the representation of complex numbers including infinity. It's also utilized in crystallography for plotting crystal orientations and in optics for analyzing lens systems. Circles on the sphere, except for those passing through the projection point, are mapped to circles or lines on the plane.