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statul

Statul, in Romanian, translates to "the state" and denotes the political and legal unit that claims sovereignty over a defined territory and a permanent population. It is typically organized through institutions such as the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary, operating within a framework of law and administration. In political science, the state is distinguished by its enduring authority and its capacity to shape collective life.

Core features include sovereignty, legitimacy, continuity, and international recognition. The state typically asserts a monopoly on

States vary in form and practice. They can be unitary or federal, and their regimes range from

Historically, modern states emerged with centralized authority in the early modern period, followed by processes of

the
legitimate
use
of
force
within
its
borders
(Weberian
concept
of
the
state)
and
maintains
institutions
to
enact
laws,
collect
taxes,
and
deliver
public
goods
and
services
such
as
security,
infrastructure,
education,
and
health
care.
It
also
interacts
with
civil
society
and
the
private
sector
through
regulation
and
policy.
liberal
democracies
to
authoritarian
systems.
The
form
of
government
(republic
or
monarchy),
the
degree
of
democracy,
and
the
protection
of
rights
and
the
rule
of
law
are
important
characteristics.
State
capacity
and
legitimacy
are
central
concerns
in
comparative
politics
and
public
administration,
influencing
governance
outcomes.
state-building,
bureaucratic
expansion,
and
national
consolidation.
The
concept
of
the
state
remains
central
to
discussions
of
sovereignty,
governance,
citizenship,
and
public
policy,
including
issues
of
state
formation,
governance
capacity,
public
finance,
and
statelessness.