standardeestikeelest

Standard Estonian, often referred to as standardeestikeel, is the codified and generally accepted form of the Estonian language used in official contexts, education, media, and formal communication. It is based on the North Estonian dialect, which historically gained prominence due to its use in Tallinn and surrounding areas. The development of Standard Estonian has been a gradual process, significantly influenced by written traditions and the work of linguists and scholars throughout centuries.

The first significant steps towards a unified Estonian language were taken during the Estonian national awakening in the 19th century. This period saw increased efforts to create literature, dictionaries, and grammar books, which helped to establish norms and spread literacy. The establishment of the Republic of Estonia in 1918 further solidified the need for a standardized language for administrative and educational purposes.

Standard Estonian is characterized by its consistent grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation rules. While regional dialects and variations exist, they are generally understood as deviations from the standard. The Estonian language reform, which has occurred periodically, has aimed to refine and modernize the language, adapting it to new concepts and technological advancements, while also addressing issues of linguistic purity and clarity. The language continues to evolve, with ongoing discussions and decisions regarding new word formations and the adoption of loanwords.