spiti

Spiti, commonly referred to as Spiti Valley, is a high‑altitude cold desert valley in the northeastern part of Himachal Pradesh, India. It lies largely within the Lahaul and Spiti district and is traversed by the Spiti River, a tributary of the Sutlej. The valley is part of the Trans-Himalayan region and is known for its stark landscapes, rugged mountains, and clear night skies.

Geography and climate define life in Spiti. Elevation ranges roughly from 3,000 to 4,500 meters above sea level. The climate is extreme, with short, mild summers and long, harsh winters with heavy snowfall. Rainfall is sparse, and most precipitation occurs as snow. Access is seasonal; road routes via Kunzum Pass and the Manali-Leh highway operate mainly from late spring to autumn, with winter closures.

Culturally, Spiti has a strong Tibetan Buddhist heritage, reflected in its ancient monasteries and gompas. Notable sites include Tabo Monastery (founded around 996 CE), Ki Monastery, and Dhankar Monastery. The region’s settlements—such as Kaza and Langza—preserve traditional architecture and crafts. The local population speaks Tibetic languages, including Spiti Bhoti and Lahauli, with Buddhism as a major religious influence.

Environment and biodiversity are highlighted by Pin Valley National Park, established in 1987, which protects northern Spiti and habitats for snow leopards, Himalayan ibex, and other high‑altitude fauna. Flora is sparse and consists of hardy alpine shrubs, junipers, and grasses adapted to aridity and cold.

Economy and tourism form important aspects of Spiti. Traditional livelihoods rely on subsistence agriculture and livestock herding, while tourism—centered on monasteries, landscapes, trekking, and stargazing—has grown but remains seasonal and weather‑dependent.