spastisite

Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes and exaggerated tendon jerks resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex. In simpler terms, it means muscles become stiff and difficult to control, leading to involuntary muscle spasms. This condition is often a symptom of damage to the part of the central nervous system that controls voluntary movement. Common causes include stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury.

The increased muscle tone in spasticity can manifest in various ways, from mild stiffness to severe, uncontrollable spasms. This can interfere with daily activities such as walking, eating, and personal hygiene. The affected muscles may feel tight, and sudden, involuntary movements or jerks can occur. Pain can also be a significant issue for individuals with spasticity, arising from the muscle tightness itself or from secondary complications like joint contractures.

Diagnosis of spasticity typically involves a physical examination to assess muscle tone, reflexes, and range of motion. Medical history and imaging studies may be used to identify the underlying cause. Treatment aims to reduce muscle stiffness, improve function, and alleviate pain. Strategies can include physical therapy, occupational therapy, medications such as muscle relaxants, and in some cases, botulinum toxin injections or surgical interventions. The management of spasticity is often multifaceted and tailored to the individual's specific needs and the underlying condition.