småtarmbakterieöverväxt

Smalarmbakterieöverväxt, often abbreviated as SIBO, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally large number of bacteria in the small intestine. Normally, the small intestine has a relatively low bacterial population compared to the large intestine. SIBO occurs when this balance is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of bacteria in the small bowel.

The symptoms of SIBO can vary widely and often overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders. Common complaints include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and gas. In some cases, individuals may also experience unintended weight loss, malabsorption of nutrients leading to deficiencies, and fatigue. The bacteria in the small intestine can ferment undigested carbohydrates, producing gases like hydrogen and methane, which contribute to the bloating and discomfort.

The exact causes of SIBO are not always clear, but several factors are thought to contribute to its development. These can include motility disorders of the small intestine, where the normal muscular contractions that sweep contents through the bowel are impaired, allowing bacteria to proliferate. Other contributing factors can include anatomical abnormalities in the small intestine, surgical procedures that alter intestinal anatomy, and conditions that reduce stomach acid production, as stomach acid normally helps control bacterial populations. Certain medications, such as proton pump inhibitors and opioids, have also been linked to an increased risk of SIBO.

Diagnosis of SIBO typically involves a breath test, where the patient drinks a sugar solution and their breath is analyzed for the presence of hydrogen and methane gases produced by bacterial fermentation. Treatment strategies focus on reducing the bacterial overgrowth and addressing any underlying causes. This often involves a course of antibiotics, followed by interventions to improve intestinal motility or correct anatomical issues if identified. Dietary modifications may also be recommended to reduce fermentable carbohydrates that feed the bacteria.