silverklorid

Silver chloride, also called silverklorid in some languages, is an inorganic compound with the formula AgCl. It forms a white, crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water; the solubility product is about 1.8 × 10^-10 at 25°C. In aqueous solutions, Ag+ and Cl− combine to form the solid, and the equilibrium can be shifted by adding excess chloride or complexing agents such as ammonia. In ammonia, AgCl dissolves slightly through formation of the diamminesilver complex [Ag(NH3)2]+, which increases solubility.

It is photosensitive: illumination causes partial reduction to metallic silver and the liberation of chlorine, turning the material gray or brown. This property underpinned early photographic processes and the formation of images using silver halide crystals.

Naturally, AgCl occurs as the mineral chlorargyrite, known as horn silver, found in arid regions and as a constituent of some ore deposits near silver-bearing sulfides.

Uses include historical photography; silver chloride electrodes (as a solid-state layer on silver wire) are used as reference electrodes (silver-silver chloride). It is also used in qualitative inorganic analysis and as a source of chloride in chemical syntheses. It can be precipitated from silver nitrate and chloride salts in the laboratory.

While not highly toxic, silver compounds can be hazardous if ingested in large amounts; silver chloride is relatively insoluble, but care should be taken with handling and disposal.