sifatlar

Sifatlar, or adjectives in Turkish, describe or modify nouns. They express colors, sizes, origins, materials, and other qualities. In Turkish, adjectives typically precede the noun they modify: kırmızı elbise (red dress), eski ev (old house). Unlike many languages, Turkish adjectives do not inflect for number or gender; the noun carries plural and case endings. Adjectives can also be used predicatively with a linking verb: Bu elbise kırmızıdır (This dress is red).

Classification includes several types. Qualitative adjectives (nitelik sıfatları) describe inherent properties, such as güzel (beautiful) or hızlı (fast). Numeral or quantity adjectives (sayı sıfatları) express quantity or order, such as bir (one), iki (two), ikinci (second). Demonstrative adjectives (işaret sıfatları) point to specific items, such as bu (this), o (that), şu (this/that near). Turkish uses adjectives in two main positions: attributive (before the noun: güzel bir gün) and predicative (after a copula: Günler güzeldir).

Comparison and degree: Turkish forms comparisons with daha and en: daha hızlı (faster), en hızlı (fastest). Degree modifiers such as çok (very) can accompany adjectives, as in çok güzel. In general, sıfatlar do not agree with nouns in number or gender; the noun bears the necessary endings, while the adjective remains in a single form. This simplicity in agreement helps keep noun phrases clear and flexible.