sideroblástica

Sideroblastic anemia is a group of blood disorders characterized by anemia and the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Ring sideroblasts are nucleated red blood cell precursors that contain excess iron granules in their mitochondria, forming a ring around the nucleus. This iron accumulation is due to a defect in the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin. Consequently, the body's ability to incorporate iron into hemoglobin is impaired, leading to anemia.

There are two main categories of sideroblastic anemia: inherited and acquired. Inherited forms are often present from birth or early childhood and are caused by genetic mutations affecting heme synthesis. Acquired sideroblastic anemias can develop later in life and may be associated with other medical conditions such as myelodysplastic syndromes, certain medications, or toxins like lead. Symptoms of sideroblastic anemia are generally those of anemia, including fatigue, weakness, pallor, and shortness of breath. In some cases, there may be signs of iron overload, affecting organs like the liver and heart. Diagnosis is made through a bone marrow examination showing ring sideroblasts and a blood test confirming anemia. Treatment strategies vary depending on the cause and severity and may include iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron, blood transfusions, or medications to stimulate red blood cell production.