shibboleths

A shibboleth is any custom, belief, or practice that distinguishes a particular group or class of people. The term originated from a biblical story found in the Book of Judges. After a battle, the Gileadites captured a group of Ephraimites. To identify themselves, the Gileadites asked the Ephraimites to pronounce the word "shibboleth." The Ephraimites, unable to pronounce the "sh" sound correctly, would say "sibboleth," revealing their identity and leading to their demise.

In modern usage, a shibboleth can refer to a word, phrase, pronunciation, or even a mannerism that serves as a test of belonging to a particular group. This can be based on dialect, social class, profession, or any other shared identity. For example, a specific slang term might be a shibboleth for teenagers, while a particular technical jargon could be a shibboleth for engineers.

Shibboleths are not always intentional. They can develop organically as a consequence of shared experiences and communication patterns within a group. However, they can also be consciously used by groups to maintain exclusivity or to identify outsiders. The effectiveness of a shibboleth depends on its difficulty for outsiders to replicate and its commonality among members of the in-group. Over time, shibboleths can evolve or become obsolete as groups change or linguistic norms shift.