shellcorrection
Shell correction refers to a method used to incorporate quantum shell effects into a smooth macroscopic description of a finite Fermi system, most notably atomic nuclei and metal clusters. In a macroscopic model such as the liquid-drop model, the binding energy is smooth and featureless with respect to particle number. Real systems, however, exhibit pronounced fluctuations in energy due to the discrete arrangement of single-particle levels. The shell correction is the difference between the actual sum of occupied single-particle energies and a smoothed, averaged reference energy.
The standard approach, known as the Strutinsky shell-correction method, starts from a mean-field potential and a
Shell corrections are widely used to predict binding energies, deformation effects, and fission barriers in nuclei,