shellack

Shellac is a natural resin secreted by the lac bug (Kerria lacca), a scale insect native to Asia. This resin is harvested from the branches of host trees, typically the Kusum tree or the Dhak tree. The harvested material is then processed to remove impurities and form flakes, which are dissolved in alcohol to create a liquid finish. Shellac has been used for centuries as a finishing agent for wood, a binder in various products, and even as a food glaze.

The key properties of shellac include its quick drying time, its ability to provide a hard, durable surface, and its non-toxic nature once dry. It is also known for its excellent adhesion to most surfaces and its good sealing capabilities, making it effective at blocking stains and odors. Historically, shellac was a primary ingredient in varnishes and lacquers, and it continues to be used in furniture finishing, wood sealing, and as a primer.

In modern applications, shellac is found in wood polishes, food glazes (often labeled as confectioner's glaze or E904), and pharmaceutical coatings. It is also used in some printing inks and as a component in certain types of cosmetics. While synthetic alternatives exist, shellac remains popular for its natural origin, environmental friendliness, and unique working properties, particularly among woodworkers and those seeking natural finishes. Its characteristic odor when being applied dissipates as it dries, leaving a clear or colored protective layer.