sheikh

Sheikh, also transliterated shaykh or sheik, is an honorific title in the Arabic language meaning elder, leader, or man of authority. The term is used across Muslim communities to refer to respected religious scholars, teachers, tribal leaders, and community heads. Its broad meaning and regional variations reflect the social importance of age, knowledge, and lineage.

In religious contexts, a sheikh denotes a learned or pious person who provides guidance on Islamic practice and law. In Sunni and Shia communities alike, the title can accompany scholars, jurists, or teachers who have earned respect for their knowledge. In Sufi orders, the sheikh or murshid is the spiritual master who leads a tariqa and train initiates.

In political and tribal settings, the title is used for leaders and elder figures who command authority within a community. In many Arab states, members of ruling families are commonly addressed as Sheikh, and the term appears in formal address or names, though it does not always signify a formal governmental office. Outside the Arab world, the term is often used as a mark of respect for elder or learned men and can appear as part of a personal name or title of respect.

Spelling and pronunciation vary by language and region, with common forms including Sheikh, Shaykh, and Sheik. The term is widely used in South Asia, East Africa, and the Middle East, reflecting a cultural norm of honoring seniority, knowledge, and leadership.