sformuowane

"sformułowane" is the past passive participle of the Polish verb sformułować, meaning to formulate or to articulate. It functions as an adjective describing statements, definitions, theories, or rules that have been clearly stated or articulated. It is most often used in formal or academic contexts.

Etymology: The word comes from formuła (formula) with the prefix s-, and is related to the noun sformułowanie (formulation). As a participle, sformułowane agrees with the noun in gender and number and can appear before or after the noun: sformułowane zasady; sformułowane pytanie.

Usage: It appears frequently in scholarly articles, reports, statutes, and policy documents to indicate content that has been specified or defined. It differs from synonyms such as określone (specified) or ustalone (established) by emphasizing the act of formulation.

Examples: sformułowane zasady (formulated rules); sformułowane pytanie (formulated question); Tezy zostały sformułowane (The theses were formulated).

Related terms: sformułować (to formulate), sformułowanie (formulation), formuła (formula).

Notes: The form is primarily used in written Polish and formal registers; in everyday speech, speakers may use ustalić or określić instead.