sepihak

Sepihak is an Indonesian term describing actions, decisions, or terms imposed by one party in relation to a contract, agreement, or relationship, without the consent or participation of the other party. The word derives from se- ("one" or "single") and pihak ("party" or "side"). It is used in everyday language and in legal and business contexts to characterize unilateral acts.

In contract and employment contexts, sepihak can refer to actions such as unilateral termination of a contract or employment (often abbreviated PHK sepihak in Indonesian discourse), unilateral changes to contract terms, or unilateral withdrawal from an agreement. Such acts contrast with bilateral or mutual acts, which require consent from all involved parties. The permissibility and consequences of sepihak depend on the governing contract provisions and applicable law. Unilateral actions may be valid if permitted by contract or required by statute, but they can also expose the acting party to disputes, breach claims, claims for damages, or remedies for the injured party, including reinstatement or compensation.

In Indonesia, laws governing contracts and employment set procedural and substantive requirements to prevent abuse of sepihak, including notice obligations, justification, or severance rules in the case of PHK sepihak. Courts may review unilateral actions to determine compliance with due process, reasonableness, and statutory protections.

Related concepts include unilateral contract, bilateral contract, and civil or employment law.