sensibilisator

Sensibilisator is a term used across several disciplines to denote an agent or device that increases the sensitivity of a system to a given stimulus. In general, a sensibilisator lowers the threshold for response or enhances the magnitude of the reaction, often by facilitating energy transfer, signaling, or recognition. The term is used in German-speaking technical literature and is sometimes encountered in English as a direct loanword or translation of "sensitizer" or "sensitizing agent."

In chemistry and materials science, sensibilisators often act as sensitizers that absorb light or energy and transfer it to a reactive substrate, enabling photochemical reactions, photocatalysis, or improved imaging. In photography and photopolymerization, sensitizers extend the effective spectral range or speed of exposure. In biology and medicine, sensibilizers or adjuvants are substances that prime or sharpen an immune response to an antigen, increasing immunogenicity or allergenic potential.

In sensors and detectors, sensibilisators enhance performance by lowering detection thresholds, amplifying signals, or improving selectivity, for example through energy transfer, plasmonic effects, or catalytic activation. The use of sensibilisators is subject to safety, toxicity, and regulatory considerations, as many sensitizers can cause allergies, photosensitivity, or environmental harm. Careful evaluation and appropriate handling are typically required.