sejtmködéshez

Sejtmködéshez is a Hungarian term that translates to "cell division" in English. It refers to the fundamental biological process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in all living organisms. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis is the process by which a somatic cell (a body cell) divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. This is crucial for growth and tissue repair. During mitosis, the cell's chromosomes are duplicated, and then evenly distributed between the two new cells, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.

Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in germ cells (sex cells) to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells). Meiosis involves two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is vital for sexual reproduction, as it ensures that when two gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number of chromosomes.

The regulation of sejtmködéshez is tightly controlled by complex molecular mechanisms. Errors in cell division can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where cells divide uncontrollably. Understanding this process is a cornerstone of modern biology and medicine.