sejtdedifferenciálódás

Sejtdedifferenciálódás, often translated as cell dedifferentiation, is a biological process where a more specialized cell reverts to a less specialized or progenitor cell state. This is essentially the opposite of cell differentiation, where a less specialized cell becomes more specialized. Dedifferentiation allows cells to regain a more primitive state, potentially enabling them to proliferate and then redifferentiate into a different cell type than their original one.

This phenomenon is observed in various organisms and contexts. In some cases, it is a natural part of development or tissue repair. For example, certain cells in regenerating tissues can dedifferentiate to form a pool of stem-like cells that can then give rise to the various cell types needed for rebuilding the damaged area.

The molecular mechanisms underlying dedifferentiation are complex and involve changes in gene expression. Specific signaling pathways and transcription factors are activated or repressed, leading to the dismantling of specialized cellular structures and functions and the reactivation of developmental programs.

While dedifferentiation can be beneficial for regeneration and tissue homeostasis, uncontrolled dedifferentiation is also a characteristic feature of cancer cells. Cancer cells can exhibit dedifferentiated traits, contributing to their aggressive growth, invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Understanding sejtdedifferenciálódás is therefore crucial for both regenerative medicine and cancer research.