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Segmental bronchitis refers to inflammation affecting a specific segment of the lung. The lungs are divided into lobes, and each lobe is further subdivided into segments, which are distinct areas of lung tissue supplied by their own bronchus. When inflammation or infection occurs within one of these segments, it is termed segmental bronchitis.

This condition is often a consequence of a localized infection, such as bacterial pneumonia, where the inflammatory process is confined to a particular lung segment. It can also arise from aspiration of foreign material into a specific bronchus, leading to irritation and subsequent inflammation within the segment it supplies. Less commonly, it might be associated with bronchial obstruction, causing mucus buildup and subsequent infection within the affected segment.

Symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and the size of the affected segment. They may include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Radiographic imaging, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, is typically used to diagnose segmental bronchitis by identifying the localized area of inflammation or consolidation. Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause, which often involves antibiotics for bacterial infections, and supportive care to manage symptoms.