scrupulous

Scrupulous is an adjective used to describe someone who is deeply concerned with doing what is right and just, or someone who is extremely careful and precise in their work. In one sense it implies moral integrity and a willingness to adhere to ethical standards; in another, it signals meticulous attention to detail and accuracy. The phrase “to be scrupulous about something” or “to act scrupulously” is common, as in checking every citation or following rules to the letter.

Originating in Latin scrupulus, meaning a small sharp stone or obstacle, the word passed into Old French as escrupule and into English by the late Middle Ages. The related noun scruple refers to a moral doubt or hesitation that can prevent action, and in older usage also a small quantity; these senses underpin the adjective’s sense of conscientious caution.

In contemporary use, scrupulous often has a positive connotation when describing ethics or carefulness, but it can suggest excessive or rigid moral standards in certain contexts. Common synonyms include conscientious, meticulous, and principled; antonyms include unscrupulous, careless, and lax. It frequently co-occurs with verbs such as be, act, or maintain: “She is scrupulous about financial reporting” or “He scruples at lying.”