schistócitos

Schistocytes are abnormal red blood cells characterized by their irregular, crescent-shaped or "tear-drop" appearance. This condition is often associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), a type of anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells as they pass through small blood vessels. Schistocytes are typically formed when red blood cells are exposed to high shear stress, such as in conditions involving blood flow through narrow or damaged blood vessels.

The presence of schistocytes in the blood can be detected using various laboratory techniques, including blood smear examination and flow cytometry. The diagnosis of schistocytosis is crucial for identifying the underlying cause of MAHA, which can range from thrombotic microangiopathies, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), to other conditions like malignant hypertension and preeclampsia.

Treatment of schistocytosis depends on the underlying cause. For example, in cases of TTP or HUS, plasma exchange therapy is often used to remove the abnormal proteins that contribute to the destruction of red blood cells. In other conditions, such as malignant hypertension, antihypertensive medications may be prescribed. Regular monitoring of blood counts and renal function is essential to manage and treat schistocytosis effectively.