scaring

Scaring is the act of causing fear or alarm in another person through surprise, threat, or intimidation. It can be used for playful purposes, such as pranks or humor, or in more coercive ways that threaten safety or dignity.

The fear response involves the amygdala and the body's fight-or-flight system. A scare can raise heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, trigger sweating, and release adrenaline. The intensity depends on the perceived threat, individual history, and context.

Contexts vary: entertainment, including jump scares in films or haunted attractions; social interactions, including jokes or tricks; and abusive or bullying behavior that aims to dominate or intimidate. Cultural norms influence what is considered acceptable.

Potential effects range from momentary alarm or amusement to lasting anxiety, sleep disturbance, or trauma, especially for children, the elderly, or trauma survivors. Repeated or unpredictable scares can erode trust and a sense of safety.

Ethical considerations emphasize consent, age-appropriateness, and avoiding harm. In many jurisdictions, behaviors intended to threaten or harass can have legal consequences. Safer practices include clear warnings, mutual agreement, and avoiding sensitive targets.