scapulaand

Scapulaand is not a recognized term in standard human anatomy or medicine. It does not denote a distinct anatomical structure. The form may result from a typographical error, a concatenation of the word scapula with another term, or a placeholder in non-standard texts. When discussing the shoulder region, it is more common to refer to the scapula (shoulder blade) itself and the surrounding joints and muscles.

The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior thorax, over the upper ribs. It has three borders (medial, lateral, inferior) and three angles (superior, lateral, inferior). The body features anteriorly a subscapular fossa and posteriorly a spine that ends in the acromion. The acromion articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint, while the glenoid fossa on the lateral angle forms the socket for the humeral head. A prominent coracoid process projects anteriorly and serves as an attachment point for several ligaments and muscles. The scapula serves as a site for muscle attachment and a lever for arm movement. The scapulothoracic articulation—the movement of the scapula over the thoracic wall—facilitates a wide range of shoulder motions, often in coordination with the glenohumeral joint.

Clinical significance includes injuries and conditions such as scapular fractures (relatively uncommon but serious), acromioclavicular joint injuries, coracoid process fractures, and scapular winging due to nerve injury or muscular weakness. Proper scapular function is essential for efficient shoulder motion and upper limb use.

See also: scapula, clavicle, acromion, glenoid, shoulder girdle, scapulohumeral rhythm.