sPLA2IIA

Phospholipase A2, group IIA, also known as sPLA2IIA, is an enzyme that plays a role in the hydrolysis of phospholipids. Specifically, it catalyzes the release of a fatty acid from the sn-2 position of glycerol in phospholipids, generating a lysophospholipid and a free fatty acid. This enzyme is a member of the secreted phospholipase A2 superfamily, characterized by a conserved catalyticAsp-His-Ser triad and a Cys-Cys-X-Cys-Cys motif.

sPLA2IIA is found in various biological fluids, including plasma, synovial fluid, and pancreatic juice. Its expression is notably upregulated during inflammation and infection, suggesting a role in host defense and inflammatory processes. It is believed to contribute to inflammation by producing lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and lysophospholipids, which can recruit immune cells and modulate vascular permeability.

Beyond inflammation, sPLA2IIA has been implicated in other physiological and pathological conditions. These include cardiovascular disease, where it may contribute to atherogenesis, and metabolic disorders. Research is ongoing to fully elucidate the diverse functions of sPLA2IIA and its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases. Its ability to break down bacterial membranes also suggests a direct antimicrobial role.