rövidzárat

Rövidzárat, in English a short circuit, is an electrical fault that allows current to travel along an unintended path of low resistance. This typically occurs when the insulation between two conductors with different electrical potentials breaks down. The immediate consequence is a rapid increase in current flow, far exceeding the designed capacity of the circuit.

This excessive current can generate significant heat, leading to melting of wires, damage to electrical components, and potentially igniting surrounding materials. In many cases, safety devices such as fuses or circuit breakers are designed to detect this abnormally high current and interrupt the flow, thereby preventing more severe damage or fire.

The causes of a short circuit can be varied. They can include mechanical damage to wiring, aging or degraded insulation, improper installation, or the presence of conductive foreign objects that bridge the gap between conductors. Understanding the causes is crucial for preventing short circuits and ensuring electrical safety. Regular inspection and maintenance of electrical systems are important steps in minimizing the risk. The term is also used metaphorically to describe a sudden and unexpected failure or disruption.