részesesetet

Részeseset, or the dative case, is a grammatical case in Hungarian used to mark the indirect object—the recipient or beneficiary of an action. It answers questions such as to whom or for whom something is done and is commonly found with verbs of giving, telling, showing, or sending. It can also indicate the person for whom a situation is advantageous or relevant.

Form and marking: The részeseset is typically indicated by the suffix -nak/-nek attached to the noun. The choice of -nak vs -nek follows vowel harmony: stems with back vowels take -nak, while stems with front vowels take -nek. For plural nouns, the plural ending is added first (e.g., tanárok), and the dative suffix is appended (e.g., tanároknak). Examples include tanárnak (to the teacher) and gyerekeknek (to the children). Personal pronouns have distinct dative forms such as nekem, neked, neki, nekünk, nektek, nekik.

Usage and nuance: The dative is used with a wide range of verbs to indicate the recipient or beneficiary, and it frequently corresponds to the English preposition “to” or “for.” It is also employed in object constructions where the action is directed toward someone or something, including some verbs of communication or possession. In addition to indicating recipients, the részeseset can express the person who benefits from an action or the person for whom a state or situation is relevant.

Notes: The részeseset is one of several cases in Hungarian grammar and interacts with other case forms in a sentence’s syntactic structure. Its forms are relatively productive, with predictable phonological adjustments based on stem vowels and number.