rágóízület

The rágóízület, commonly known as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is a complex hinge and gliding joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull. It is located on either side of the head, just in front of the ears. This joint is essential for a wide range of functions, including chewing, speaking, and yawning.

Each TMJ consists of several key components: the articular fossa, the articular tubercle, the condyle of the mandible, and an articular disc. The articular disc is a C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage that sits between the condyle and the temporal bone, acting as a shock absorber and facilitating smooth movement. Ligaments surround the joint, providing stability.

The TMJ allows for a variety of movements. Primarily, it permits elevation and depression of the mandible (opening and closing the mouth), as well as protraction and retraction (moving the jaw forward and backward). It also allows for some side-to-side grinding motions used during mastication.

Dysfunction of the TMJ, often referred to as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), can cause pain in the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement. Symptoms can include jaw pain, clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth, difficulty chewing, and headaches. The causes of TMD are varied and can include injury, arthritis, or bruxism (teeth grinding). Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and may involve lifestyle adjustments, physical therapy, or medication.