rádium

Radium is a chemical element with the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is an alkaline earth metal, meaning it belongs to the group of elements in the periodic table characterized by having two valence electrons. Radium is a highly radioactive element, and all its isotopes are unstable. The most stable isotope, radium-226, has a half-life of about 1,600 years.

Radium was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie. They isolated it from pitchblende, a uranium-rich ore. The Curies named radium after the Latin word for "ray," due to its intense radioactivity. Its discovery was a significant event in the field of physics and chemistry, contributing to the understanding of radioactivity and atomic structure.

Due to its radioactivity, radium emits ionizing radiation, primarily alpha particles and gamma rays. Historically, radium had various applications, including in luminescent paints for watch dials, and in some medical treatments for cancer. However, the severe health risks associated with radiation exposure led to the discontinuation of most of these uses.

The radioactivity of radium means it decays into other elements, eventually forming stable lead. The radioactive decay process releases energy, which was harnessed in early applications. Today, radium is primarily studied in scientific research related to nuclear physics and radioactive decay. Its handling requires strict safety precautions due to its hazardous nature.