royalgovernment

Royal government is a political system in which a hereditary or dynastic monarch holds significant or ultimate political authority over a state. In practice, royal governments vary widely in how power is allocated between the monarch and other institutions. Broadly, they are categorized into absolute monarchies, where the monarch concentrates executive, legislative, and sometimes judicial authority, and constitutional monarchies, where the monarch serves as a largely ceremonial head of state within a constitutional framework and elected bodies exercise political power.

In absolute monarchies, rule is typically justified by divine right, hereditary succession, and centralized administration; the monarch may appoint ministers, command the military, and issue decrees; legal codes and bureaucracies are often built around the monarch's authority. In constitutional monarchies, the monarch's powers are constrained by a constitution or legal framework; a cabinet or prime minister and a parliament handle day-to-day government, while the monarch performs ceremonial duties, represents the state, and may sanction laws.

Historically royal governments dominated many regions; over time many evolved toward constitutional arrangements or republican systems. Contemporary monarchies vary from ceremonial states such as Sweden and the United Kingdom to governing authorities with real political power in some Gulf states. Debates about royal government focus on legitimacy, accountability, succession, and the balance between tradition and democratic governance.