rosaceae

Rosaceae is a large family of flowering plants in the order Rosales, comprising about 90 genera and around 3,000 species. Members are widespread in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with some species in other climates. The family is of major importance in horticulture and agriculture due to numerous fruit crops and ornamental plants.

Morphology and diversity: The family includes shrubs, trees, and herbaceous perennials. Leaves are usually alternate and may be simple or compound, often with stipules. Flowers are typically five-merous, with five petals, five sepals, numerous stamens, and a hypanthium surrounding the ovary in many genera. Floral color ranges from white to pink and red. Fruits vary widely among genera, including pomes in Malus, Pyrus, and Cydonia; drupes in Prunus; and aggregate fruits such as those of Fragaria (strawberries) and Rubus (raspberries and blackberries).

Representative crops and ornamentals: The family includes several globally important fruit crops, notably apples, pears, quinces, peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, and cherries. Strawberries are among the most widely cultivated berries. Roses (Rosa) are among the most cultivated ornamental plants and a major component of garden horticulture.

Systematics and evolution: Rosaceae is traditionally divided into several subfamilies, including Dryadoideae, Rosoideae, and Amygdaloideae, reflecting diversity in growth form and fruit type. Despite this diversity, most members share features such as alternate leaves, a hypanthium, and characteristic floral structures.

Ecology and uses: Members occur in a range of habitats and frequently form important ecological interactions with pollinators and fruit-eating animals. They are grown worldwide for food, ornament, and cultural value.