rizibonukleinsav

Rizibonukleinsav, more commonly known as ribonucleic acid or RNA, is a nucleic acid crucial for the biological processes of all known living organisms. It plays a vital role in the synthesis of proteins and acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes. RNA is a polymer composed of nucleotide monomers, with each nucleotide consisting of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). Unlike DNA, RNA typically exists as a single strand and contains uracil instead of thymine.

There are several types of RNA, each with distinct functions. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information transcribed from DNA to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes and also catalyzes peptide bond formation. Other non-coding RNAs have regulatory roles, influencing gene expression. The process of RNA synthesis from a DNA template is called transcription, and it is a fundamental step in the central dogma of molecular biology. RNA's versatility and central role make it indispensable for life.