risksmoking

Risksmoking refers to the health risks associated with using tobacco through combustion and inhalation. Most commonly this involves cigarettes, but it can also occur with cigars and pipes. The addictive substance in tobacco is nicotine, which helps sustain use and makes quitting more difficult. The smoke also delivers thousands of chemical compounds, many of which are toxic or carcinogenic.

The health risks are extensive. Smoking substantially increases the risk of cancers, especially lung cancer, as well as cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and pancreas. It raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke and contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchitis. It also harms pregnancy and fetal development, increasing the likelihood of low birth weight and preterm birth. Secondhand smoke exposure endangers others, raising risks of heart and lung disease in adults and respiratory problems in children.

Reduction and cessation are possible at any age. Quitting reduces the risk of smoking-related diseases over time. Effective cessation approaches include behavioral support and medications such as nicotine replacement therapy and prescription options. Public health measures such as higher tobacco taxes, clean-air laws, and strong warning labels aim to reduce initiation and encourage quitting.