retikulopódium

Retikulopódium, also known as reticular pseudopodia, is a type of temporary, thread-like extension found in certain types of cells, particularly amoeboid cells and some immune cells such as macrophages. These pseudopodia are characterized by their network-like (reticular) structure, which allows cells to move, engulf particles, or interact with their environment. The term originates from the Latin *reticulum* (meaning "little net") and the Greek *pous* (meaning "foot"), reflecting their web-like appearance and role in cellular locomotion.

Retikulopódium is primarily observed in free-living amoebas, such as *Amoeba proteus*, where they facilitate movement through a process called amoeboid motion. The cell extends these pseudopodia in the direction of movement, pulling the rest of the cytoplasm along. In immune cells, reticular pseudopodia play a critical role in phagocytosis—the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens, debris, or other foreign particles. Macrophages and dendritic cells use these extensions to detect and capture targets, forming a cup-like structure called a phagocytic cup before internalizing the material.

The formation of retikulopódium involves the reorganization of the cell’s cytoskeleton, particularly actin filaments, which provide structural support and enable the extension of the pseudopodia. This dynamic process is regulated by intracellular signaling pathways that respond to external stimuli, such as chemical gradients or physical contact with surfaces or other cells. The ability to form and retract these extensions allows cells to adapt to their surroundings, contributing to processes like wound healing, tissue remodeling, and immune defense.

While retikulopódium is most commonly associated with amoeboid cells and phagocytic immune cells, similar structures may appear in other contexts, such as during cellular migration in development or cancer metastasis. Research into reticular pseudopodia continues to provide insights into fundamental aspects of cell biology, including motility, signaling, and the mechanisms underlying disease progression.