reticulons

Reticulons are a family of integral membrane proteins characterized by a conserved C-terminal domain that spans the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. They are found in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms, from yeast to humans. These proteins play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for protein folding, modification, and lipid synthesis. Reticulons are thought to be involved in shaping the intricate network of the endoplasmic reticulum, influencing its morphology and dynamics.

Research suggests that reticulons are involved in several cellular processes beyond just ER structure. These include lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and the regulation of membrane trafficking. Some studies have also implicated reticulons in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their precise molecular mechanisms are still under investigation, but it is understood that their interaction with other ER proteins and lipids is key to their diverse functions. Due to their involvement in fundamental cellular processes, alterations in reticulon expression or function have been linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, making them an area of active research in cell biology and medicine.