reticulocytózis

Reticulocytózis refers to an elevated number of reticulocytes in the blood. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that are still in the process of maturing into erythrocytes. They are typically found in the bone marrow and are released into the bloodstream as they mature. A normal reticulocyte count in adults is usually between 0.5% and 2.5% of the total red blood cell count, or between 20,000 and 100,000 per microliter.

An increase in reticulocytes, or reticulocytosis, generally indicates that the bone marrow is actively producing and releasing red blood cells at a higher rate than usual. This often occurs in response to a need for more red blood cells, such as in cases of anemia where there is a loss of red blood cells or impaired production. For example, following acute blood loss or in hemolytic anemias where red blood cells are being destroyed prematurely, the bone marrow will ramp up production, leading to reticulocytózis. It can also be seen after treatment for certain types of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia or vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, as the bone marrow recovers and begins to produce new red blood cells.

Conversely, a low reticulocyte count, known as reticulocytopenia, suggests that the bone marrow is not adequately producing red blood cells. This can be indicative of bone marrow dysfunction, aplastic anemia, certain chronic diseases, or deficiencies in essential nutrients required for red blood cell production. Medical professionals use the reticulocyte count as a key indicator to assess the bone marrow's response to anemia and to help diagnose the underlying cause.