rendszerbetöltés

Rendszerbetöltés, commonly referred to as system loading or boot process, describes the sequence of operations that occur when a computer or device is powered on and starts up. This process involves initializing hardware components, loading the operating system into memory, and then launching essential system services and user applications.

The initial phase of system loading typically involves the firmware, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), performing a Power-On Self-Test (POST) to check the integrity of critical hardware like the CPU, RAM, and graphics card. Once the hardware checks are successful, the firmware identifies a bootable device, such as a hard drive, SSD, or USB drive, and loads the bootloader from it.

The bootloader is a small program responsible for loading the operating system kernel. The kernel, the core of the operating system, is then initialized, and it takes control of the system. The kernel manages system resources, including memory and processes, and loads necessary device drivers. Following the kernel initialization, essential system daemons or services are started, which provide fundamental functionalities like networking, user authentication, and process scheduling. Finally, the graphical user interface or command-line interface is presented to the user, indicating that the system loading process is complete and the device is ready for use. The specifics of the system loading process can vary significantly between different operating systems and hardware architectures.