regurgitatsioon

Regurgitatsioon is the involuntary return of stomach contents into the esophagus. It is distinct from vomiting, which is a forceful expulsion of stomach contents. Regurgitation typically occurs without nausea or forceful contractions of the abdominal muscles. The material that is regurgitated is usually undigested food, and it may be tasteless or slightly acidic.

In infants, regurgitation is a common occurrence and is often referred to as reflux. This is due to the immature digestive system, where the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus, may not be fully developed. Most cases of infant regurgitation resolve on their own as the infant grows.

In adults, regurgitation can be a symptom of various conditions. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause, where the frequent backflow of stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus. Other potential causes include esophageal motility disorders, gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), and certain structural abnormalities of the esophagus or stomach.

While occasional regurgitation may not be a cause for concern, persistent or severe regurgitation should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Symptoms that warrant medical attention include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, or the presence of blood in the regurgitated material. Diagnosis may involve a physical examination, medical history, and potentially diagnostic tests such as an upper endoscopy or esophageal manometry. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, medications, or surgery.