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Regional metamorphism is a geological process that transforms existing rocks over large areas due to changes in temperature and pressure. Unlike contact metamorphism, which is localized around igneous intrusions, regional metamorphism affects vast tracts of the Earth's crust. This process is typically associated with convergent plate boundaries where tectonic plates collide.

The heat and pressure involved in regional metamorphism are generated by the immense forces and burial depths associated with mountain building. As rocks are squeezed and heated, their mineralogy and texture are altered. New minerals may form, and existing minerals may recrystallize or reorient themselves, often resulting in a foliated texture where minerals are aligned in parallel planes.

The degree of metamorphism, or metamorphic grade, can vary within a regional metamorphic event. Rocks closer to the heat and pressure sources will experience higher grades of metamorphism, leading to more significant changes. Common examples of rocks that undergo regional metamorphism include shale transforming into slate, then phyllite, schist, and finally gneiss with increasing metamorphic grade.

Regional metamorphic rocks are found in many mountain ranges around the world, serving as important indicators of past tectonic activity and the deep geological history of a region. Studying these rocks helps geologists understand the processes that shape the Earth's crust and the conditions deep within the planet.