refuz

Refuz is a Romanian noun meaning the act of refusing, denial, or rejection, and the present-tense form of the verb a refuza (to refuse). As a noun, it refers to a refusal or rejection, and the definite form is refuzul, with the plural refuzuri. The verb a refuza is transitive, typically followed by the thing or proposal that is refused.

Etymology and cognates: Refuz is a Romance-era loanword, most likely borrowed from French refuser or its noun refus, with a broader Latin influence in the historical development of Romanian vocabulary. The word is part of a family of terms in Romanian that express negation or denial and has cognates in other Romance languages, reflecting common patterns of borrowing and adaptation.

Grammar and morphology: Refuz functions as both a noun and a verb form. The verb a refuza conjugates in the present tense as eu refuz, tu refuzi, el refuză, noi refuzăm, voi refuzați, ei refuză. The perfect compus is formed with the auxiliary am/ai/a + refuzat (e.g., am refuzat, ai refuzat). The participle is refuzat, used adjectivally to describe something that has been refused. The noun refuz can be accompanied by the definite article to form refuzul, and the plural is refuzuri. A related noun, refuzare, can denote the process or act of refusing in a more formal or technical sense.

Usage: Refuz appears in everyday and formal contexts to indicate denial, rejection, or withholding consent. Examples include: “Am primit un refuz oficial.” “Refuz să particip la acea întâlnire.” “Refuzul a fost motivat prin lipsa documentelor.” The term is commonly contrasted with synonyms such as respingere or negare, depending on nuance.

See also: A refuza; refuzare; refuzat.