reepithelializes

Reepithelialization is the process by which the epidermis is restored after skin injury. The verb reepithelializes is used to describe the action of epithelial cells as they cover a wound and reestablish the protective barrier. The term reepithelialization is often used interchangeable with re-epithelialization, though some sources prefer different spellings.

Mechanism: After injury, keratinocytes at the wound edges activate, migrate as a sheet across the wound bed, and proliferate to restore epidermal thickness. The basement membrane guides migration and anchoring, and epithelial stem cells in hair follicles and sweat glands can contribute to reepithelialization in larger wounds. Reestablishment of stratified squamous epithelium requires restoration of tight junctions and barrier function.

Timing and context: Reepithelialization occurs in various tissues including skin, oral mucosa, and corneal epithelium. In clean skin wounds, it typically begins within 24 to 48 hours and may continue for days, depending on wound size, depth, location, and tissue perfusion. It is usually followed by a remodeling phase that can last weeks.

Clinical relevance and promotion: Delayed or incomplete reepithelialization can lead to chronic wounds and increased scar formation. Factors that hinder reepithelialization include infection, excessive moisture loss, poor perfusion, and systemic diseases such as diabetes. Treatments to promote reepithelialization include moist wound care, gentle debridement, infection control, and, in some cases, topical growth factors or specialized dressings that support epithelial cell migration and proliferation.