reelections

Reelections are elections in which an incumbent seeks to be elected again to the same office. They can occur at the end of a term or earlier if a political process triggers a new election, such as dissolution of parliament or recall. In presidential systems, reelection refers to the same head of state seeking another term within constitutional limits; in parliamentary systems, it may mean an incumbent member seeking another term in the legislature or a change in leadership after party victory or internal decision.

Most democracies regulate reelection through term limits, fixed election dates, and party rules. Some offices permit unlimited terms; others cap the number of terms. Incumbents often have an advantage due to name recognition, fundraising, and a track record, which can influence outcomes. Key factors include economic conditions, governance performance, campaign resources, and opposition organization. Recall elections or votes of no confidence are related mechanisms that can replace an incumbent before an ordinary election.

Reelection has implications for governance, including policy continuity and accountability. Proponents argue it rewards incumbents for demonstrated performance, while critics contend it can entrench power and reduce political renewal. Across jurisdictions, reelection rates vary with constitutional design, electoral systems, and political culture.