redokstitratsioonid

Redokstitratsioonid, also known as redox titrations, are a type of quantitative chemical analysis used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by reacting it with a solution of known concentration. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons between the analyte (the substance being analyzed) and the titrant (the solution of known concentration). Redox titrations are based on the principles of oxidation and reduction, where oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons.

The process involves gradually adding the titrant to the analyte until the reaction is complete, which is usually indicated by a color change. This color change can be observed directly if one of the reactants or products is colored, or it can be detected using an indicator that changes color at the equivalence point. The equivalence point is the point in the titration where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of analyte present.

Common examples of redox titrations include iodometry, permanganometry, and dichromatometry. Iodometry, for instance, is used to determine the concentration of oxidizing agents by reacting them with iodine. Permanganometry utilizes potassium permanganate as a titrant, which is a strong oxidizing agent and its own indicator due to its intense purple color. Dichromatometry employs potassium dichromate, another strong oxidizing agent, often used in acidic solutions.

The key to a successful redox titration is understanding the specific redox reaction occurring, choosing an appropriate indicator or detection method, and accurately measuring the volumes of titrant and analyte used. These titrations are widely applied in various fields, including environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, and food chemistry, to quantify substances like vitamin C, iron, and dissolved oxygen.