recyclables

Recyclables are materials that can be collected and reprocessed into new products rather than discarded as waste. Common recyclable streams include paper and cardboard, glass, various plastics, and metals such as aluminum and steel. The exact list of recyclable materials varies by locality, depending on processing capacity, markets, and local rules.

Collection and sorting: Recyclables are typically collected separately from trash and sorted by material type and sometimes color. Curbside programs accept mixed paper, cardboard, plastics with resin codes, glass, and metal cans, but rules differ widely. Contamination from non-recyclable items or dirty materials reduces the quality and value of the recovered materials and can cause streams to be rejected.

Processing: In sorting facilities, materials are separated, cleaned, and baled for shipment to manufacturers. Plastics are sorted by resin type and color; glass is crushed into cullet; metals are melted. Some materials are downcycled into lower-value products when markets are weak or purity cannot be guaranteed.

End use and benefits: Recycled materials substitute for virgin inputs in manufacturing, saving energy and natural resources. Recycling rates and environmental benefits vary by material, and not all items are recyclable in every program.

Challenges and policy: Key challenges include contamination, fluctuating markets for recycled materials, and the need for standardized labeling and public education. Policies such as curbside programs, material bans, and extended producer responsibility can influence participation and success.