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Rauaoksiidist, often referred to as iron oxide, is a chemical compound that forms when iron and oxygen react. There are several forms of iron oxide, with the most common being iron(II) oxide (FeO), iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), also known as magnetite. These compounds vary in their physical and chemical properties.

Iron(III) oxide is perhaps the most recognizable form and is the primary component of rust. It is a reddish-brown powder that is insoluble in water. Its prevalence is due to the ease with which iron corrodes in the presence of oxygen and moisture. Fe2O3 is widely used as a pigment in paints, ceramics, and cosmetics, providing distinct red, yellow, and brown hues. It is also employed in magnetic recording media and as a polishing agent.

Magnetite, or Fe3O4, is a black crystalline solid and is naturally occurring as a mineral. It is a ferrimagnetic material, meaning it exhibits strong magnetic properties, making it valuable for magnetic applications. It is also used as a pigment and in some industrial processes.

Iron(II) oxide, FeO, is less common and is usually formed under conditions where oxygen is limited. It is a black powder and is less stable than the other oxides, readily oxidizing to Fe2O3 in the presence of air.

The formation and properties of iron oxides are fundamental to various natural processes and industrial applications, impacting everything from geology and metallurgy to art and technology. Their diverse roles highlight the significance of this seemingly simple chemical compound.