radioizotope

Radioisotope refers to an atom that contains an unstable ratio of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Unstable isotopes undergo radioactive decay, where they emit particles or energy to achieve a more stable state. This process is known as radioactivity.

Radioisotopes are used in various scientific and medical applications. In medicine, radioisotopes are employed in cancer treatment, where they are used to kill cancer cells by targeting and destroying damaged DNA. Radioisotopes are also used in medical imaging, helping to diagnose and monitor diseases.

In scientific research, radioisotopes are utilized to study various processes, including geological phenomena, nuclear reactions, and the decay of unstable isotopes. Radioisotopes are also used to date materials, a process known as radiometric dating, which helps to determine the age of rocks and minerals.

There are a number of radioisotopes used in different applications, including carbon-14, potassium-40, and uranium-238. These isotopes undergo different types of decay, such as beta decay, alpha decay, and gamma radiation. Radioisotopes are commonly labeled with a series of abbreviations, often including the element symbol (e.g., "C-14" for carbon-14) to designate the specific isotope used.

The use of radioisotopes also involves handling safety precautions, as exposure to radiation can have adverse health effects. Radiation exposure is typically measured in units of Sieverts (Sv) or millisieverts (mSv), providing a quantitative assessment of the risk associated with handling specific isotopes. The regulatory environment surrounding radioisotopes varies depending on the country and specific usage. Generally, researchers and medical personnel must adhere to strict protocols to minimize exposure and handle these materials in a safe and controlled manner.