radiatsioonidosimeetrias

Radiatsioonidosimeetrias is the science and practice of measuring and assessing ionizing radiation doses. It is a crucial field for radiation protection, medical applications involving radiation, and nuclear safety. The primary goal of dosimetry is to quantify the amount of radiation energy absorbed by a material or organism.

There are various types of radiation doses that are measured. Equivalent dose, measured in Sieverts (Sv), accounts for the biological effectiveness of different types of radiation. Effective dose, also in Sieverts, further considers the sensitivity of different organs to radiation. Personal dose is what an individual receives, while organ dose is specific to a particular organ.

Common instruments used in dosimetry include TLDs (thermoluminescent dosimeters), OSLDs (optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters), film badges, and electronic personal dosemeters. These devices are designed to detect and record the cumulative dose received over a period. For real-time monitoring, Geiger-Müller counters and scintillation detectors are often employed.

Dosimetry plays a vital role in ensuring that workers in nuclear facilities, medical professionals using X-rays or radiotherapy, and the general public are not exposed to harmful levels of radiation. Regulatory bodies set dose limits, and dosimetric measurements are essential for verifying compliance with these limits. In medical imaging and therapy, accurate dosimetry is critical for delivering effective treatment while minimizing side effects.