röntgenanalízis

Röntgenanalízis, also known as X-ray analysis, is a powerful technique used to determine the elemental composition and crystal structure of materials. It relies on the interaction of X-rays with matter. When X-rays strike a sample, they can be absorbed, scattered, or cause the emission of secondary X-rays. Different types of röntgenanalízis exploit these phenomena.

One common method is X-ray fluorescence (XRF). In XRF, incident X-rays excite atoms within the sample, causing them to emit characteristic fluorescent X-rays. The energy of these emitted X-rays is unique to each element, allowing for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis. XRF is non-destructive and can analyze a wide range of elements, from light elements like sodium to heavy elements like uranium.

Another important technique is X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is used to determine the crystalline structure of materials. When X-rays interact with the regularly spaced atoms in a crystal lattice, they are diffracted at specific angles according to Bragg's Law. By analyzing the resulting diffraction pattern, researchers can identify crystalline phases, determine lattice parameters, and gain insights into the atomic arrangement within the material. This is crucial for understanding material properties, phase transformations, and purity.

Röntgenanalízis techniques are widely applied in various fields, including materials science, geology, chemistry, and archaeology, for quality control, research, and problem-solving.