réactionnaires

Réactionnaire is a term used to describe an individual or group who holds political or social views that favor a return to a previous state of affairs, often one perceived as more traditional or ideal. This opposition to progressive change can manifest in various ways, including advocating for the restoration of past social hierarchies, political systems, or cultural norms. The term is typically used pejoratively by those who identify as progressive or liberal, implying a resistance to social evolution and an adherence to outdated or oppressive structures.

Historically, the concept of reaction has been associated with movements that sought to reverse the outcomes of revolutions or significant social upheavals. For instance, following the French Revolution, those who supported the monarchy and the restoration of pre-revolutionary privileges were often labeled reactionaries. In contemporary usage, the term can be applied to a broad spectrum of political ideologies, encompassing elements from conservatism, traditionalism, and even certain forms of nationalism, when these views are characterized by a strong opposition to modernizing trends or perceived liberal advancements. The specific policies or beliefs considered reactionary can vary significantly depending on the historical context and the prevailing social and political climate.