põlveliigeses

Põlveliigeses, or the knee joint, is a complex hinge joint found in the leg of many vertebrate animals, including humans. It is the largest and one of the most important joints in the body, connecting the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). The kneecap (patella) also plays a crucial role, gliding over the front of the femur to enhance leverage and protect the joint.

The primary movements of the põlveliigeses are flexion (bending) and extension (straightening). However, it also allows for a limited degree of rotation when the knee is bent. This intricate structure is supported by a network of ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, which provide stability and prevent excessive movement.

Cartilage, specifically articular cartilage, covers the ends of the bones within the joint, allowing for smooth gliding and cushioning against impact. Menisci, C-shaped pieces of fibrocartilage, sit between the femur and tibia, further absorbing shock and helping to stabilize the joint.

The põlveliigeses is susceptible to various injuries and conditions, such as sprains, tears of the ligaments or menisci, arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), and dislocations. These can result from trauma, overuse, or degenerative processes, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and can range from conservative measures like rest and physical therapy to surgical interventions.